• The GPR receptor is also emerging as an important therapeuti

  2021-10-02

  

  The GPR55 receptor is also emerging as an important therapeutic target. GPR55−/− mice possess no overt phenotype, but were protected in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Staton et al., 2008). Staton et al. (2008) reported that no GPR55 mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR in the animals. Also

• Overall our results indicated the involvement of

  2021-10-02

  

  Overall, our results indicated the involvement of GABAAR in controlling GnRH/LH release through mechanism which included GABA action on molecular processes leading to GnRH biosynthesis. This is consistent with previous in vivo [14,54] and in vitro [55] studies in ewes suggesting that GABA inhibits G

• To investigate if such an

  2021-10-02

  

  To investigate if such an effect is observed in native GlyT1, we introduced S605D and S605A mutations into GlyT1 and transfected these DNA constructs into N2a cells. For an internal control of calpain cleavage, we also introduced the first 100 amino-acids of the rat GlyT2N terminus upstream of the m

• br Advanced Glycation Endproducts As

  2021-10-02

  

  Advanced Glycation Endproducts As glucose levels rise within sensory neurons as a result of hyperglycemia, normal metabolic pathways become overwhelmed and excess glucose is shunted into other ancillary pathways that, under these conditions, become damaging. One consequence of hyperglycemia is th

• Introduction l Glutamate is a major

  2021-10-02

  

  Introduction l-Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that contributes not only to fast synaptic neurotransmission, but also to complex physiological processes like memory, learning, plasticity, and neuronal cell death [30], [81]. Glutamate is

• Taken together previous data suggest that ghrelin signaling

  2021-10-02

  

  Taken together, previous data suggest that ghrelin signaling is causally linked to alcohol use and may regulate alcohol seeking and consummatory behaviors [[66], [67], [68]]. As such, the ghrelin system may represent a therapeutic target for AUD. Here, we provide a narrative review of the existing l

• The OTR and GHSR are

  2021-10-02

  

  The OTR and GHSR are known to play similar roles in centrally regulated behaviours, where the OTR is implicated in mood, sociability and appetite regulation (Morton et al., 2012; Myers et al., 2014; Sala et al., 2013; Lukas et al., 2011; Slattery and Neumann, 2010), with the GHSR primarily involved

• For the two KO models CX and CX

  2021-10-02

  

  For the two KO models (CX30 and CX43), fluorescence recovery is almost always best fitted with a 2-component exponential (Fig. 6A and D). Statistical analysis of the parameters (Table 1) shows that in both cases the two time scales and the fraction of recovery associated with the fast intracellular

• While there have been a variety of recent

  2021-10-01

  

  While there have been a variety of recent reviews on the signaling and physiological effects of FFA4, particularly towards its anti-inflammatory effects, the goal of this research update is to present the most recent details on the role of FFA4 in human cancers. The known contributions of FFA4 towar

• In three groups independently proposed two different mechani

  2021-10-01

  

  In 2001, three groups independently proposed two different mechanisms for the catalytic reaction of GlxI [5], [6], [7]. Richter and Krauss (RK) used HF/4–31G calculations of the active site, coupled with a frozen effective fragment potential description [8], [9] of eleven residues in the binding sit

• The differentially expressed proteins during

  2021-10-01

  

  The differentially expressed proteins during somatic embryogenesis are described as the proteins that are induced by oxidative stress and respond to higher cell division activity including ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione transferase and mitochondrial manganese superoxid

• Given and a module N we put

  2021-10-01

  

  Given and a -module N, we put The right hand side makes sense because we regard g as an Wortmannin of and meanwhile . It is also a skew group ring, identified with via the following equation It follows that becomes a -module, with Analogous to the situation of group representations, the underly

• Because AM had limited efficacy on rodent GPR we used

  2021-10-01

  

  Because (AM-3189) had limited efficacy on rodent GPR40, we used two rodent models expressing human GPR40 to demonstrate efficacy of (AM-3189). First, we used human islet transplanted nude mice. In this model, endogenous pancreatic β-cells were ablated using streptozotocin, and mice were rescued to e

• Because of its role in the cleavage of A and

  2021-10-01

  

  Because of its role in the cleavage of Aβ and the fact that many genetic forms of AD are caused by mutations in the enzyme, GS has long been a target for drug development, though previous clinical trials of Semagacestat, a GS inhibitor, have failed due to an increase in skin cancer, and a decrease i

• Increasing trans epithelial transport efficiency is another

  2021-09-30

  

  Increasing trans-epithelial transport efficiency is another area where different strategies are being developed for overcoming transcytosis. Enhancing the affinity for the basal membrane and weakening apical exocytosis through the optimisation of surface hydrophobicity have been demonstrated [79]. S

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